I-Corrosion yinto eyenzeka lapho izinto ezibonakalayo zibhekana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali noma nge-electrochemical ngezinto ezizungezile, okuphumela ekuqhekekeni. Noma ngabe empilweni yethu yansuku zonke, noma ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, ukugqwala kwensimbi "kungabonakala yonke indawo, kusuka ku-screw screw corrosion, izimoto ezinkulu, izindiza, amabhuloho kanye nokunye ukugcwala. Ukugqwala ngeke kubangele ukulahleka kwezomnotho, futhi kuholele nasezingozini zokuphepha, ukubaluleka kokulwa nokugqwala akufanele kubukelwe phansi.
Engxenyeni yomngcele ye-substrate, ungqimba lokuqala lokuphendula luzokwenziwa. Ngenxa yobukhona be-oxygen emkhathini, ungqimba reaction uvame ukuba khona ngendlela ye-oxide ngakho-ke kwaziwa nangokuthi ifilimu eliyisisekelo oxide (POF). Le nhlangano ivame ukuba mncane futhi ekuqaleni ivimbela ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo.
Ngaphezulu kwesendlalelo sokuphendula, izinto ziqongelela izingqimba ezi-adsorbed. Imvamisa eyokuqala ingamanzi, okuthi, ngenxa yohlamvu lwe-Amphoteric lweningi le-metal oxides, iphendula ngefilimu le-oxide eliyinhloko ekuphenduleni kwe-acid-base ngaphezulu, lapho ezinye izinto ezisebenzayo zingashumeka. Le ungqimba ungqimba lwamakhemikhali, oluboshwe ngokuqinile futhi kunzima ukuncibilikisa kabusha. Isendlalelo se-Shemicorption silandelwa eduze yileva ye-adsorption ebonakalayo, enokubopha okumpofu kwama-molecular futhi ithathelwa indawo kalula.
Ifilimu eliyisisekelo oxide liyingqimba ebaluleke kakhulu yokumelana nokugqwala, ubukhulu ifilimu, okunamandla okunamathela, ukumelana nokugqwala okwengeziwe. Ngamanye amagama, ukuvikelwa kokugqwala kufanele kuqalwe ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kanye nokuzinza kwefilimu ye-oxide eyingqayizivele (POF). Ngokuya ngezinto zensimbi, izengezo (isib. Ama-surfactants, ama-redox agents) ayadingeka. Ukugqwala kuvame ukuqala ngokuwohloka kwefilimu eliyisisekelo oxide, okungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke kakhulu ezintweni ezingekho emthethweni, kepha ngensimbi engagqwali ifilimu eliyisisekelo le-oxide lizinzile ngenxa yokuba khona kwezakhi zezabelo (ikakhulukazi i-chromium).
Ukugqwala okuvamile empilweni kunezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubonisa, ake sibheke kulezi zinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezibalulekile zokugqwala.
1. Ukucekelwa phansi kwe-erosion:Insimbi ifakwa ngaphansi kokuguguleka cishe ifana neyobuso. Kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokugqwala futhi imvamisa ibangelwa amanzi noma umoya ongcolile.
2. I-Crevice Corrision:Ama-crevices aphakathi kwezinsimbi noma amalungu ahlelekile angaholela ekugcekeni okunzima ngoba i-electrolyte igcinwa ngesenzo se-capillary futhi ingakhiqiza umehluko omkhulu wokuhlushwa. Lokhu kungavinjelwa ngempumelelo ngezindlela zokwakha amandla.
3. Ukugcwala kokuxhumana:Ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical okuholela ekuxhumaneni kwezinsimbi ezimbili ezingekho emthethweni lapho kuhlangana khona ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye ku-electrolyte, ngesinye sezinsimbi zisolwa ngesilinganiso esisheshayo. Kungavinjelwa ngokukhetha izinto ezifanele noma ukuphazamisa ukusebenza phakathi kwezinto zokwakha.
4. Ukuphamba:Imiphumela yokuphamba ngokukhonkotha, ukucwaswa noma ukukhonkotha. Kuvame ukubangelwa ukulimala kwePitting kungqimba elivikelayo, njengama-pores ekukhulekeni noma ekuguguleni kwe-chloride kungqimba yokuhamba.
5. Ukugqwala kwenhlangano:Kakhulu uFerrite CR kanye ne-crni auntenitic yensimbi emingceleni yokusanhlamvu kuyakhiwa, lokhu kugcwala kuzokwenza isibopho phakathi kwezimbango zibuthaka kakhulu. Ukugqwala okukhulu kwenhlangano kungenza insimbi ilahlekelwe amandla nokukhohlisa, ukucekelwa phansi ngaphansi komthwalo ojwayelekile, ukwelashwa okuvuthayo okufanele ukuvikela ukonakala kwezinto ezinhlamnye.
6. I-Dew-Point Corlosion:Ukugqwayiza kwe-Dew-Point kubhekisele kumusi ogcwele ngenxa yokupholisa nokuvuselelwa koketshezi okubangelwa ukugqwala okubangelwa ukugqwala, insimbi engenzi lutho, nensimbi engenasisekelo, kufanele ivikelwe yisendlalelo esiqinile.
7. Ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezelo:Emidiya eqinile, ngenkathi ngaphansi kwengcindezi yemishini impahla izokwakha imifantu, ikakhulukazi ku-chlorine kanye nezixazululo eziqinile ze-alkali, kuzoholela kwi-crni auntenitic yensimbi ngaphakathi kokugqwala kokugqwayiza ngaphakathi.
Isikhathi Seposi: Meyi-21-2024