Ukuphambuka kuchazwa njengokwakheka kongqimba oluncane oluvikela kakhulu ebusweni bezinto zensimbi ngaphansi kwezimo ze-oxidic, ezitholwe yi-anodic polarization eqinile, ukuvimbela ukugqwala okunamandla. Ezinye izinsimbi noma ama-alloys athuthukisa ungqimba olulula oluvimbayo ku-activation amandla noma ngaphansi kombala onobuthakathaka obuthakathaka, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise izinga lokugqwala. Ngokwencazelo yokuphumelela, lesi simo asiweli ngaphansi kokufudumala.
Ukwakheka kwefilimu yokuphambukayo mncane kakhulu, ngokulinganisa okukhulu okusukela kuma-nanometers ayi-1 kuye kwayi-10. Ukutholwa kwe-hydrogen kwifilimu emincane yokudlula kukhombisa ukuthi ifilimu yokudlula kungaba yi-hydroxide noma i-hydrate. I-Iron (FE) kunzima ukwakha ifilimu yokudlula ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokugqwala; Kwenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezinamandla kakhulu futhi ngaphansi kombala we-anodic emandleni aphezulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-chromium (CR) ingakha ifilimu yokuphumula ezinzile kakhulu, eminyene futhi evikelayo ngisho nasezindaweni ezi-oxidizing ezimnene. Ku-alloys esekwe ngensimbi equkethe i-chromium, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kudlula i-12%, ibizwa ngensimbi engenacala. Insimbi engagqwali ingagcina isimo esiseduze nezixazululo zamanzi amaningi aqukethe amanani emoyeni. I-nickel (NI), uma iqhathaniswa ne-iron, hhayi kuphela ukuthi inezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini (kufaka phakathi amandla aphezulu okushisa) kodwa futhi kukhombisa ukumelana kahle kokugqwala ku-non-oxidizing
Ukwakheka kokuphumelela kwensimbi nobukhulu befilimu yokudlula
Ukuphambuka kuchazwa njengokwakheka kongqimba oluncane oluvikela kakhulu ebusweni bezinto zensimbi ngaphansi kwezimo ze-oxidic, ezitholwe yi-anodic polarization eqinile, ukuvimbela ukugqwala okunamandla. Ezinye izinsimbi noma ama-alloys athuthukisa ungqimba olulula oluvimbayo ku-activation amandla noma ngaphansi kombala onobuthakathaka obuthakathaka, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise izinga lokugqwala. Ngokwencazelo yokuphumelela, lesi simo asiweli ngaphansi kokufudumala.
Ukwakheka kwefilimu yokuphambukayo mncane kakhulu, ngokulinganisa okukhulu okusukela kuma-nanometers ayi-1 kuye kwayi-10. Ukutholwa kwe-hydrogen kwifilimu emincane yokudlula kukhombisa ukuthi ifilimu yokudlula kungaba yi-hydroxide noma i-hydrate. I-Iron (FE) kunzima ukwakha ifilimu yokudlula ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokugqwala; Kwenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezinamandla kakhulu futhi ngaphansi kombala we-anodic emandleni aphezulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-chromium (CR) ingakha ifilimu yokuphumula ezinzile kakhulu, eminyene futhi evikelayo ngisho nasezindaweni ezi-oxidizing ezimnene. Ku-alloys esekwe ngensimbi equkethe i-chromium, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kudlula i-12%, ibizwa ngensimbi engenacala. Insimbi engagqwali ingagcina isimo esiseduze nezixazululo zamanzi amaningi aqukethe amanani emoyeni. I-nickel (NI), uma iqhathaniswa ne-iron, hhayi kuphela ukuthi inezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini (kufaka phakathi amandla okushisa aphezulu) kodwa futhi kukhombisa ukumelana kahle kokugqwala ezindaweni ezingezona ezoxidizing kanye ne-oxidizing kulezi zindawo. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ku-iron kudlula i-8%, kuqinisa ukwakheka okugxile kobuso be-aucen, ukuthuthukisa amandla okuphambuka nokuthuthukisa ukufuduka. Ngakho-ke, i-Chromium ne-nickel ziyizinto ezibalulekile ezibucayi ensimbi.I-oxididizing kulezi zindawo. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ku-iron kudlula i-8%, kuqinisa ukwakheka okugxile kobuso be-aucen, ukuthuthukisa amandla okuphambuka nokuthuthukisa ukufuduka. Ngakho-ke, i-chromium ne-nickel ziyizinto ezibucayi ezengeziwe ngensimbi.
Isikhathi Seposi: Jan-25-2024